Concentration of Arsenic and Sanitary Conditions of Groundwater Sources within Ibadan North-East Local Government Area, Ibadan
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
* Corresponding Author
ORCID Details
Adejumo Mumuni: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-7508
Yusuf Banke Idayat: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-0131
Research Article
International Journal of Scientific Research Updates, 2026, 12(01), 001–011.
Article DOI: 10.53430/ijsru.2026.12.1.0018
Publication history:
Received on 08 August 2026; revised on 13 September 2026; accepted on 16 September 2026
Abstract:
This study assessed the concentration of arsenic and sanitary conditions of groundwater sources within Ibadan North-East Local Government Area (IbNE LGA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from a total of 110 wells and 36 boreholes across high, medium and low density areas within the LGA. Water samples were analyzed for arsenic while sanitary conditions of well and borehole water sources were observed using observational checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman‘s correlation at p=0.05. The pH values of waters from wells and boreholes for high, medium and low density areas were within the permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) and Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON). Slightly more than half (50.6%) of the well water sources in the high density area, 43.5% in the medium density and 39.7% in the low density areas, had arsenic concentration exceeding SON’s recommended limit while all (100%) of the well water samples in the high, medium and low density areas showed arsenic concentrations within the WHO’s guideline value. About thirty-six percent (35.7%) of the borehole water sources in the high density area, 17.9% in the medium density, and 25.4% in the low density areas had arsenic concentration exceeding the SON’s recommended limit. All (100%) of the borehole water samples in low, medium and high density areas showed arsenic concentrations within the WHO’s guideline value. A significant negative correlation existed between the pH of well water and arsenic concentration in both the high and medium density areas. Observation revealed that well water sources had evidence of waterlogged, wastewater around the source particularly in the high and medium density areas. All the well and borehole water sources had arsenic concentration within WHO’s limit while some exceeded SON’s limit. Also, some water wells were exposed to sources of pollution. Regular monitoring and hygienic maintenance of wells and boreholes is necessary to prevent arsenic pollution of the potable water sources.
Keywords:
Groundwater, Arsenic concentration, Sanitary condition
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