Effect of jet diameter and flow rate on cooling and heat transfer coefficient with multiple jets impingement
1 Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
2 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
Research Article
International Journal of Engineering Research Updates, 2026, 09(01), 001-008.
Article DOI: 10.53430/ijeru.2026.9.1.0011
Publication history:
Received on 18 December 2025; revised on 28 January 2026; accepted on 30 January 2026
Abstract:
This paper presents an experimental study on effect of jet diameter on cooling and heat transfer coefficient performances of multiple jets impingement. Multiple jet impingement systems are preferred over single jets because they produce higher and more uniform mean heat transfer. Air jet impingement apparatus was used for the exercise. Eight different circular jet array plates (
with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, 
with a 0.8 mm jet diameter, 
with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, with a 1.2mm jet diameter, 
with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, with a 0.5 mm jet diameter, 
with a 0.3 mm jet diameter and with 1 mm jet diameter) were constructed according to their hole diameters, jet-to-jet spacing, and array sizes. Each array was tested by hanging it on the aluminium holder of the apparatus at a distance of 1.45mm from the target surface. The heating element was connected to the power source with current and voltage maintained at 8.3 A and 120 V respectively. The heater was switched on to heat the target plate. Simultaneously, heat was supplied at the bottom side of the copper plate and the blower was turned on to impinge air on the smooth and flat target plate. Air was regulated to the desired flow rate using a gate valve. The jet temperature as well as the surface temperature were measured using an infrared thermometer at every flow rate tested. Results showed that array of jet diameter 0.3 mm which is the smallest among other diameters cooled the target plate more effectively and produced the best heat transfer than every other array at every flow rate tested. Result also showed that the higher the flow rate the better the cooling efficient and heat transfer coefficient become. Jet impingement is normally utilized in numerous industrial applications which include automobile windshield de-icing, electronic component cooling, and glassware.
with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, with a 0.8 mm jet diameter, with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, with a 1.2mm jet diameter, with a 0.3 mm jet diameter, with a 0.5 mm jet diameter, with a 0.3 mm jet diameter and with 1 mm jet diameter) were constructed according to their hole diameters, jet-to-jet spacing, and array sizes. Each array was tested by hanging it on the aluminium holder of the apparatus at a distance of 1.45mm from the target surface. The heating element was connected to the power source with current and voltage maintained at 8.3 A and 120 V respectively. The heater was switched on to heat the target plate. Simultaneously, heat was supplied at the bottom side of the copper plate and the blower was turned on to impinge air on the smooth and flat target plate. Air was regulated to the desired flow rate using a gate valve. The jet temperature as well as the surface temperature were measured using an infrared thermometer at every flow rate tested. Results showed that array of jet diameter 0.3 mm which is the smallest among other diameters cooled the target plate more effectively and produced the best heat transfer than every other array at every flow rate tested. Result also showed that the higher the flow rate the better the cooling efficient and heat transfer coefficient become. Jet impingement is normally utilized in numerous industrial applications which include automobile windshield de-icing, electronic component cooling, and glassware.Keywords:
Jet Arrays; Jet Diameters; Air Jet Impingement; Heat Transfer Coefficient
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