Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters in obese men and women: A case-control study
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Research Article
International Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research Updates, 2026, 07(01), 048–060.
Article DOI: 10.53430/ijcpru.2026.7.1.0044
Publication history:
Received on 01 June 2026; revised on 12 July 2026; accepted on 14 July 2026
Abstract:
Background: Obesity was a chronic adiposity-related disorder associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation, altered adipokines, and hepatic metabolic stress. The biochemical expression of obesity may differ between men and women because of differences in visceral fat distribution and adipokine physiology.
Objective: This case-control study evaluated selected biochemical parameters in obese men and women compared with normal-weight controls.
Methods: A total of 120 adults aged 25-55 years were allocated into obese cases (n = 60; BMI >=30 kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (n = 60; BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), with equal numbers of men and women. Fasting venous blood was collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), leptin, and adiponectin. Calculated were the HOMA-IR, TyG index, VLDL-C, LDL-C, BMI, WHR, and leptin/adiponectin ratio. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed by independent-sample t-test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, subgroup analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis after testing for model assumptions.
Results: Obese subjects had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TyG index, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, ALT, uric acid, hs-CRP, leptin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio but lower HDL-C and adiponectin compared with controls (P < 0.001 for most comparisons). Among obese participants, men had higher waist-related risk, ALT, uric acid and HOMA-IR, while leptin was markedly higher in women.
Conclusions: These results suggest associations (rather than causal effects) between obesity and detrimental biochemical changes. Sex-specific patterns could be clinically relevant for risk assessment in daily laboratory practice.
Keywords:
Biochemical Parameters; Lipid Profile; Hs-CRP; Leptin; HOMA-IR; Sex Differences.
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