Gestational osteoporosis: Myth or true?
1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
2 Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
3 Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetomaternal Medicine -Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Review
International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates, 2024, 03(01), 001–011.
Article DOI: 10.53430/ijbpru.2024.3.1.0040
Publication history:
Received on 19 November 2023; revised on 03 January 2024; accepted on 06 January 2024
Abstract:
Gestational osteoporosis is an existent rare clinical disease presenting with vertebral fractures and is quite often underdiagnosed. Etiology is heterogeneous and risk factors include family history of osteoporosis, low body mass index individuals, women with low physical activity, smoking, failure to achieve maximum bone mass and low level calories nutrition. In our review, we recorded the main hormones and biological markers involved in bone metabolism during pregnancy and breastfeeding period.
Regarding imaging methods, ultrasound and magnetic resonance are useful diagnostic tools and MRI can be used as a gold standard when examining hip pain in women who are in the third trimester of pregnancy. Available therapeutic approaches are recorded regarding conservative management and use of medication.
The implication of our work is to emphasize the importance of early identification of gestational osteoporosis. Medical specialties dealing with women during pregnancy and postpartum (obstetricians, endocrinologists, orthopedists) should assess the risk factors and be able to make the right diagnosis as early as possible for prognosis optimization.
Keywords:
Gestational osteoporosis; Calcium homeostasis; Bone Metabolism Indices; Pregnancy calcium requirements
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